UPSC Notes The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an independent constitutional authority that manages election processes at both the Union and State levels.
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Its role is to ensure free, fair, and unbiased elections for the Parliament, State Legislatures, and the offices of the President and Vice-President of India.
Constitutional Provisions Article 324: Establishes the Election Commission of India. Part XV (Articles 324-329): Relates to elections.
Composition: – Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) – Other Election Commissioners (appointed by the President) Composition & Tenure Initially (1950): Only one CEC. Since 1989: Multi-member body (CEC and two ECs).
Appointment: By the President of India. Tenure: 6 years or until the age of 65. Removal: – CEC: Removed like a Supreme Court Judge through impeachment.
– Other ECs: Removed by the President on the recommendation of the CEC.
Powers & Functions Conduct of Elections Oversees Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and elections for the President and Vice-President.
Delimitation & Electoral Rolls Prepares and oversees electoral rolls. Model Code of Conduct (MCC) Ensures fair conditions for political parties.
Recognition & Regulation of Political Parties Grants symbols and monitors party status as national or state parties.
Advisory Role Provides advice on the disqualification of MPs and MLAs. Voter Education Runs the Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) program.
Significance of ECI The ECI is a guardian of democracy. It ensures elections are free, fair, transparent, and credible. It maintains public trust in the electoral process. Challenges There are allegations of bias. Political pressure and misuse of money are issues.
The ECI has limited power to enforce the MCC. There are delays in electoral reforms, such as simultaneous elections and addressing the criminalization of politics. Reforms Suggested Implement an independent system for appointing CEC and ECs.
Grant stronger powers to combat the misuse of money and influence. Introduce digital and remote voting options for migrants and NRIs.
Provide state funding for elections to help reduce corruption. PYQs for UPSC “Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in ensuring free and fair elections.
Also highlight the challenges faced by it.” (UPSC Mains) “The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body, but its independence is questioned.”
Comment.
Conclusion The Election Commission of India supports Indian democracy. Improving its independence, transparency, and capacity is critical to ensure that India continues to embrace the principles of universal adult suffrage and free elections.