Indian polity Following Facts never been Ignore…and must be always remember.
Table of Contents
Parts Of Indian constitution
| Part | Subject | Articles |
| I | The Union and its Territory | 1 to 4 |
| II | Citizenship | 5 to 11 |
| III | Fundamental Rights | 12 to 35 |
| IV | Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) | 36 to 51 |
| IVA | Fundamental Duties (Added by 42nd Amendment) | 51A |
| V | The Union Government (Executive, Parliament, Judiciary, CAG) | 52 to 151 |
| VI | The State Governments | 152 to 237 |
| VII | Repealed by the 7th Amendment Act, 1956 | — |
| VIII | The Union Territories | 239 to 242 |
| IX | The Panchayats | 243 to 243O |
| IXA | The Municipalities (Added by 74th Amendment) | 243P to 243ZG |
| IXB | Co-operative Societies (Added by 97th Amendment) | 243ZH to 243ZT |
| X | Scheduled and Tribal Areas | 244 to 244A |
| XI | Relations between the Union and the States | 245 to 263 |
| XII | Finance, Property, Contracts, and Suits | 264 to 300A |
| XIII | Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse within India | 301 to 307 |
| XIV | Services under the Union and the States (UPSC/SPSC) | 308 to 323 |
| XIVA | Tribunals (Added by 42nd Amendment) | 323A to 323B |
| XV | Elections | 324 to 329A |
| XVI1 | Special Provisions relating to Certain Classes2 | 330 to 3423 |
| XVII4 | Official Language5 | 343 to 3516 |
| XVIII7 | Emergency Provisions8 | 352 to 3609 |
| XIX10 | Miscellaneous11 | 361 to 36712 |
| XX13 | Amendment of the Constitution14 | 36815 |
| XXI16 | T17emporary, Transitional and Special Provisions | 369 to 392 |
| XXII | Short Title, Commencement, and Repeals | 393 to 395 |
“U C F D F U S U P M S R”
Schedule
| Schedule | Subject Matter | Articles |
| 1st | Names of States & Union Territories and their territorial jurisdiction. | 1 & 4 |
| 2nd | Emoluments, allowances, and privileges of high officials (President, Judges, CAG, etc.). | 59, 65, 75, 97, 125, 148, 158, 164, 186, 221 |
| 3rd | Forms of Oaths and Affirmations for Union/State ministers, Judges, and CAG. | 75, 84, 99, 124, 146, 173, 188, 219 |
| 4th | Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to States and UTs. | 4 & 80 |
| 5th | Administration and control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. | 244 |
| 6th | Administration of Tribal Areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram (AMTM). | 244 & 275 |
| 7th | Distribution of power: Union List (100), State List (61), and Concurrent List (52). | 246 |
| 8th | 22 Official Languages (Originally 14). | 344 & 351 |
| 9th | Acts/Regulations validated from Judicial Review (Added by 1st Amendment, 1951). | 31-B |
| 10th | Anti-Defection Law (Added by 52nd Amendment, 1985). | 102 & 191 |
| 11th | Powers and responsibilities of Panchayats (29 items; added by 73rd Amendment, 1992). | 243-G |
| 12th | Powers and responsibilities of Municipalities (18 items; added by 74th Amendment, 1992). | 243-W |
Tricks to remember Schedule
The “TEARS OF OLD PM”
Article Tricks
Part I: The Union and its Territory (Articles 1–4)
the physical and political boundaries of India.
- Article 1: India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
- Article 2: new states (external changes).
- Article 3: Formation (internal changes).
- Article 4: Articles 2 and 3 are not considered amendments under Article 368 (can be passed by simple majority).
Part II: Citizenship (Articles 5–11)
- Article 5: Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution.
- Article 6: Rights of persons who migrated from Pakistan to India.
- Article 7: Rights of migrants to Pakistan who later returned to India.
- Article 8: Rights of persons of Indian origin residing outside India.
- Article 9: Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign state cease to be Indian citizens.
- Article 11: Parliament has the power to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
Part III: Fundamental Rights (Articles 12–35)
(Articles 12–13)
- Article 12: Definition of “The State.”
- Article 13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights (Doctrine of Judicial Review).
1. Right to Equality (Articles 14–18)
- Article 14: Equality before law and equal protection of laws.
- Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment.
- Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability.
- Article 18: Abolition of titles (except military and academic).
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)
- Article 19: Protection of 6 specific rights (Speech, Assembly, Association, Movement, Residence, Profession).
- Article 20: Protection in respect of conviction for offences (No ex-post-facto law, no double jeopardy).
- Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty.
- Article 21A: Right to Education (Added by 86th Amendment).
- Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24)
- Article 23: Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour (Begar).
- Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories/mines.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25–28)
- Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
- Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs.
- Article 27: Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
- Article 28: Freedom from attending religious instruction in certain educational institutions.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29–30)
- Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities (language, script, culture).
- Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Articles 32–35)
- Article 32: Remedies for enforcement of rights (Writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, etc.). Dr. Ambedkar called this the “Soul of the Constitution.”
- Article 33: Power of Parliament to modify rights for Armed Forces/Police.
- Article 34: Restriction on rights while Martial Law is in force.
- Article 35: Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part.
https://youtube.com/@upscuniverse360?si=gQAPT1noo9OwfjPn